A ruler with two endpoint markers beside plain numbered-looking but unmarked tiles. Original AI-generated artwork produced for GreenCalc; not a measured diagram or empirical data display.
Count both endpoints when the range is inclusive
The integers from 1 through 10 contain ten possible values. The integers from 0 through 10 contain eleven. For inclusive integer bounds minimum and maximum, the span is maximum−minimum+1. Omitting the extra one silently removes an endpoint or gives the wrong probability to each value.
Map a uniform source without a remainder imbalance
The Random Number Generator uses browser cryptographic random words and rejects the incomplete final block before mapping into the requested integer span. This avoids modulo bias under the assumed uniform source. Its supported output is integers, not a continuous uniform measurement or a rounded decimal sample.
Check a one-value range
If minimum equals maximum, every allowed draw is that same integer. Sampling with replacement can request multiple copies. Sampling without replacement can request only one value from this range. A repeated constant is correct for a one-value space; it is not evidence that the source stopped working.
Record the settings with a sample
Bounds, count and replacement mode define the experiment. Negative and positive integers are supported within the stated limits, and all entered values are processed in the browser. The tool does not retain a replay seed or generate credentials. Read unique sampling without replacement before interpreting a distinct list as independent draws. For a physical fair-die model numbered from 1 through s, use the existing Dice Roller for batch totals and its theoretical comparison.
Check the model behind your result
Use the Random Number Generator for the supported calculation and review its stated assumptions before interpreting the output. Find related tools in the Statistics category, or browse the GreenCalc homepage for other calculation topics.
By GreenCalc Editorial Team · Updated 2026-10-26